![[Return to Library]](BOOKSHELF.GIF){kind=small}
![[Contents]](TOC.GIF){kind=small}
![[Previous Chapter]](http://www.tru64unix.compaq.com/docs/base_doc/DOCUMENTATION/HTML/AA-XXXXX-TE_html/REW.GIF)
![[Next Section]](http://www.tru64unix.compaq.com/docs/base_doc/DOCUMENTATION/HTML/AA-XXXXX-TE_html/NEXT.GIF)
![[Next Chapter]](FF.GIF){kind=small}
![[Index]](INDEX.GIF){kind=small}
![[Help]](HELP.GIF){kind=small}
This chapter provides brief descriptions of features that are new to the Digital UNIX system in this release or have changed significantly from previous releases.
A feature that monitors thermal levels and notifies administrators if a critical condition is detected. See the System Administration Guide for more information.
![[Previous Section]](http://www.tru64unix.compaq.com/docs/base_doc/DOCUMENTATION/HTML/AA-XXXXX-TE_html/PREV.GIF)
The bootable tape feature has been enhanced to support:
See the btcreate and btextract reference pages for more information.
All problem reports entered before July 1996 have been resolved.
The syslogd daemon now has an internal switch to disable and enable messages to the console. This feature is available through the -s flag on the syslogd command line or by running the following command: /usr/sbin/syslog.
The VMEbus example device driver, /dev/dmaex, has been upgraded to single binary module technology and enhanced with new capabilities, including programmed I/O and block-mode DMA transfers. The driver and a new user program that exercises the driver are included in C source format on the Digital UNIX CD-ROM. The upgraded example is in the Digital UNIX manual Writing VMEbus Device Drivers.
Version 4.0B provides maintenance for the following system functional components:
Version 4.0B provides maintenance for the following system hardware support components:
For specific descriptions of the maintenance included in Version 4.0B, see the Digital UNIX Version 4.0B CLD Fixes document and similar documents included in this kit. They are located on line on the Digital UNIX V4.0B Operating System, Volume 1 CD-ROM in the following directory:
/mnt-point/DOCUMENTATION/TEXT
Replace mnt-point with the name of the directory where your CD-ROM is mounted.
The date(1) reference page has been amended to include information on setting the system date past the year 1999. You can use the new arguments for testing your software for potential century rollover problems.
The installation cloning feature introduced in Digital UNIX Version 4.0 has been enhanced to allow unattended installation cloning at client systems. Also, the installation process now supports the execution of user-supplied scripts. For more information about these and other enhancements to the installation process, refer to the Installation Guide.
An updated version of the Ladebug Debugger is supplied with this release. The release notes for this version of Ladebug are located in the OSFLDBDOC410 and IOSLDBDOC410 subsets on the Digital UNIX V4.0B Operating System, Volume 1 CD-ROM and can only be accessed when Ladebug is installed. After installation, the release notes can be found in the following location:
/usr/doc/ladebug/ladebug-relnotes.txt
This release of Digital UNIX contains Version 2.0 of the Netscape FastTrack Server, an easy-to-use entry-level Web server designed to let you create and manage a Web site. To install FastTrack on your system, perform the following steps:
# mount -r /dev/rz4c /mnt
# cd /mnt/ALPHA/Netscape_FastTrack_Server
This file contains information from Netscape about the FastTrack kit. Since you will be installing FastTrack from a Digital UNIX CD, you can ignore steps 1-5 of the installation instructions, which pertain to installing from a Netscape CD.
# ./ns-setup
The installation program will query you for several pieces of information and then install FastTrack under a directory on your system that you specify. The Netscape installation program recommends /usr/ns-home as a default installation location. However, Digital recommends that you choose a default location of /usr/opt/ns-home instead. A directory created under /usr/opt is typically a more suitable place than one directly under /usr for software (like FastTrack) that creates and writes to files in its installed area.
This release contains Version 3.0 of the Netscape Navigator Gold World Wide Web browsing program. You can invoke Netscape Navigator Gold from a CDE desktop icon, located in the CDE Application Manager's Desktop_Apps folder. Netscape Navigator Gold can also be invoked directly from the command line by running /usr/bin/X11/netscape.
You can access detailed help on Netscape Navigator Gold through the help menus.
A Digital UNIX home page can be found in /usr/doc/netscape in the the file named Digital_UNIX.html. The home page contains links to helpful documentation, including a local copy of the Netscape Navigator User's Handbook (consider adding this link to your list of Netscape bookmarks).
The Digital UNIX Installation Guide contains information on how to set up Netscape. See Chapter 6, which covers postinstallation setup tasks.
Performance Manager version numbering has been synchronized with the operating system. Version 4.0B supercedes Version 2.1A.
Performance Magager Version 4.0B is a maintenance update of Version 2.1A, which included the following enhancements:
The release notes for Performance Manager are included on the Digital UNIX Associated Products CD-ROM Volume 1. The PostScript file is PMGR410_RELNOTES.ps and the text file is PMGR410_RELNOTES.txt.
Catalan Support was introduced in Digital UNIX Version 4.0, but for that release the system administrator was required to select Spanish from the Worldwide Language Support Installation selection menu before selecting the Catalan support subset. In Digital UNIX Version 4.0B, an entry for Catalan has been added to the selection menu. Now there are separate selection entries for Spanish Support and Catalan Support.
In addition, two subset descriptions (IOSWWCDEDT405 and IOSWWPRINT405) have changed and several worldwide language support subsets have been added to support the following languages:
For a full listing of the additional subsets and new descriptions, refer to the Installation Guide.
The following new processors are supported in Digital UNIX, Version 4.0B:
The Common Desktop Environment (CDE) is the new default graphical user interface for Digital UNIX. The CDE environment is designed to provide common services across all UNIX platforms, including a consistent user interface for end users and a consistent development environment for application developers across multiple platforms.
CDE on Digital UNIX is based on the X Window System Release 6 (X11R6) and CDE/Motif 1.0 (OSF/Motif 1.2.4), and supplies the following desktop services and applications:
| Window Management | Workspace Management | Session Management |
| Calendar | Calculator | MIME-capable Mail |
| Text Editor | Icon Editor | Terminal Emulator |
| Application Integrator | Print Queue Manager | Windowing ksh |
| Keyboard |
CDE is provided in seven software subsets that require a total of 57.81 MB of free disk space for installation. See the Installation Guide for information on the subset names, contents, and sizes.
The CDE kit contains the following migration tools:
This utility converts your dxmail folders to the conventional mail format used by CDE dtmail. If you plan to use the mailcv utility to convert your existing mail folders, back up the folders before converting them. Do not use the -d option with this version of the mailcv utility.
This utility converts a DECwindows Calendar, dxcalendar, database for use with CDE Calendar, dtcm.
A brief multimedia tutorial of CDE is located on the Digital UNIX V4.0 Associated Products Volume 1 CD-ROM. Once installed, the video tour can be accessed via the application manager in the "Information" folder. The user simply needs to double click the "CDE Video Tour" icon.
The CDE session manager supports X11R6 screen saver extensions and you can now select animated screen savers instead of a blank screen. This release also enables the automatic locking of screens after a specified idle time. Both features can be modified or disabled from the CDE Style Manager menu. Click on the Screen icon, and select the options you want.
This release provides a new Curses implementation that incorporates the following sets of programming interfaces:
This release of Digital UNIX supports Release 6 of the X Window System, Version 11 (X11R6) patchlevel 12. Prior versions of the operating system supported Release 5 (X11R5) patchlevel 26.
The Digital UNIX port of X11R6 supports all the features and functionality of previous releases of Digital UNIX. It also supports all X Consortium standard features of X11R6.
Included in new features are the following protocol extensions:
Gives clients the ability to use requests that are arbitrarily large, rather than being limited to the size restriction of the core protocol. This can result in a significant performance improvement for applications that use large requests.
Enables double buffering, using the new X Consortium standard.
Complete implementation of full XIE 5.0 protocol with a few exceptions.
See the following section.
The XKB (X Keyboard) server extension is new for X11R6 and for Digital UNIX Version 4.0B. XKB enhances control and customization of the keyboard under the X Window System by providing the following:
In addition, the X11R5 AccessX server extension for users with physical impairments has been incorporated into the XKB server extension. X11R5 applied to versions of Digital UNIX that preceded this release. These accessibility features include StickyKeys, SlowKeys, BounceKeys, MouseKeys, and ToggleKeys, and control over the autorepeat delay and rate.
Several applications that make use of XKB features are also new with Digital UNIX version 4.0. These applications include Xdec, xkbcomp, xkbprint, xkbdfltmap, dxkbledpanel, dxkeyboard, and accessx. Refer to the reference pages for more information.
Note that the final revision of the X Keyboard Extension, XKB Version 1.0, will be different from XKB Version 0.65, which is shipping with this release. Avoid creating code that directly references the XKB API and data structures. Any X clients created with direct references must be recompiled and relinked when XKB Version 1.0 is shipped in a future release. You may also have to modify your source code.
The following new or changed commands and utilities are available in this release.
Mtools software is included in the OSFDOCTOOLS410 subset. In prior releases, the software was installed by an optional worldwide support subset.
The sendmail utility now allows the user to configure the fuzzy logic for mail delivery. Previously, if the recipient's address did not precisely match any of the user names on the host, a best-match algorithm was applied against the GECOS field in the passwd file. If a unique best-match was found, the mail was delivered to this user. This behavior is now run-time configurable using the -oG option on the command-line. See sendmail.cf(4) for more information.
The field width for the Iused and Ifree fields in the output of the df command has been increased to accommodate 12 digits when using the -i switch. This modification was made to support very large file systems where the number of inodes could exceed the field width that was previously set aside for these fields.
To economize on disk space, reference pages are now shipped in compressed format. Compressed files were created with the /usr/bin/gzip utility. The man and xman utilities automatically uncompress the reference pages.
The catman command has also been enhanced to work with compressed catman files. All three commands, man, xman and catman, still provide support for uncompressed manpages. The CDE online help viewer also automatically uncompresses reference pages when they are accessed via a hyperlink in a help volume.
For more information, refer to the man(1) and the catman(8) reference pages.
Terminal support has been enhanced to support non-Digital terminals. Entries have been added to the terminfo databases and the termcap file to enable this support. New tools have also been added to assist users in modifying or porting other termcap and terminfo entries to Digital UNIX. These include the following:
The tput and tic utilities have also been enhanced.
GNU Emacs has been updated to Version 19.28. This version is not upwardly compatible with GNU Emacs Version 18.5, the previous version shipped with Digital UNIX. Refer to the appropriate GNU emacs documentation in /usr/lib/emacs/etc.
Performance Manager is a real-time performance monitor that allows users to detect and correct performance problems. Graphs and charts can show hundreds of different system values, including CPU performance, memory usage, disk transfers, file-system capacity, and network efficiency. Thresholds can be set to alert you to correct a problem when it occurs, commands can be run on multiple nodes from the graphical user interface, and archives of data can be kept for high-speed playback or long-term trend analysis.
This release introduces the ability to create a standalone bootable tape of the operating system. You can boot from the bootable tape as easily as you can boot from CD-ROM or a RIS area, but without the overhead of selecting or installing subsets. When you restore your system from the bootable tape, you must reconfigure your system using the System Management applications. You will need to adjust system parameters, such as the host name or IP address,
The binaries and shell scripts needed to create and restore a bootable tape are installed with the base operating system. The files reside in OSFBINCOM410 and no other subsets are needed. OSFBINCOM410 is the Kernel Header and Common Files (Kernel Build Environment) subset.
You use the btcreate utility to create a standalone bootable tape. To extract and restore file systems from tape at the single-user level, you use the btextract utility.
For more information, see the btcreate(8) and btextract(8) reference pages. See the Release Notes for information on supported systems and current restrictions on use.
Partition overlap checks have been enhanced or added to the following commands:
| newfs | ufs_fsck | mount |
The checks ensure that partitions will not be overwritten if they are marked in use in the fstype field on the disk label. The overlap checks also ensure that no overlapping partition is marked in use.
If a partition or an overlapping partition has an in-use fstype field in the disk label, the following commands inquire interactively if a partition can be overwritten or not:
| newfs | mkfdmn | addvol |
| swapon | voldisk | voldisksetup |
Refer to the reference pages for more information.
Partition overlap checks have been generalized by creating two library functions: check_usage and set_usage. Two new fstype values have been added: FS_RAW and FS_DB. For example, the library function set_usage could be used by database applications to set the fstype field of a disk partition that is in use by the database. Similarly, check_usage can be used to determine the usage of a disk partition or any overlapping partition.
The scsimgr utility creates device special files for newly attached disk and tape devices. This utility is automatically invoked at system boot time. You can execute the command to add device special files for all disk and tape devices attached to a specified SCSI bus at any time. See the scsimgr(8) reference page for further details.
This release complies with many new and changes standards. Refer to the standards(5) reference page for more information.
As of this release, Digital UNIX completes the implementation of the POSIX 1003.1b standard interface as approved by the IEEE standards board in September 1993 (IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993, Realtime Extension). The new features are described in Section 1.19.9, Section 1.19.10, and Section 1.19.11. See the Guide to Realtime Programming for more information.
As of this release, the DECthreads library libpthread.so implements the POSIX 1003.1c standard interface as approved by the IEEE standards board in June 1995 (IEEE Std 1003.1c-1995, POSIX System Application Program Interface). The new POSIX (pthread) interface supported with DECthreads is the most portable, efficient, and powerful programming interface for a multithreaded environment. These interfaces are defined by pthread.h. See the Guide to DECthreads for more information.
This release includes the following enhancements to the development environment.
Tcl/Tk is now available as part of the base operating system. Tcl/Tk is a public domain unencumbered scripting language and graphical tool kit. In addition to Tcl/Tk, a popular extension package, TclX is also included. TclX provides many UNIX extensions to the Tcl command language. Tcl version 7.4, Tk version 4.0, and TclX version 7.4 are included in this release. See the Installation Guide for information on how to identify and install the appropriate software subsets.
The available programs are:
The following changes have been implemented for DEC C++.
Refer to the DEC C++ Class Library Reference Manual for details on the threadsafe support, including a new Mutex Package.
The division routines within the Complex Library now catch divide-by-zero errors instead of signaling them.
For iostream assignment operators, there is no longer a memory leak when you use the *_withassign assignment operators to initialize an object for which you have called xalloc(). Previously, the memory allocated for the object by xalloc() was lost.
The String extraction operator now takes care of dynamically allocating the String to accommodate the input.
When you open a file specifying ios::ate but not ios::app to the filebuf open() function, the file is no longer opened in O_APPEND mode. This incorrect behavior caused all data to be written to the end of the file, regardless of the current file position.
Various problems with exception handling have been fixed. Also, support for exception handling in DEC C++ version 5.3 has been added.
When the Complex Library exp() function detects an underflow error, the resulting value is now (0,0) instead of (+/- max-float, +/- max-float).
A single application is restricted from using both the math library function clog() and the iostream package's clog object. This restriction is due to the fact that libm and libcxx each contain a definition for the global symbol clog and those definitions are incompatible.
Furthermore, applications which reference one of the clog symbols cannot include both -lcxx and -lm on their ld command line. An error will be generated by ld because clog is multiply defined.
The fstream, ifstream, and ofstream close() member functions now clear the stream's error state when the close succeeds. Call the clear() member function after the call to close().
The Software Development Environment (SDE) has been repackaged to ease installation, simplify licensing, and create a product identity. The current SDE components have been repackaged into a single, new OSFSDE subset and all of the pieces outside the SDE have been moved into logical subsets, including:
Because the compiler is needed at installation time, some SDE components have remained in the mandatory OSFCMPLRS subset.
The Ladebug debugger subsets have been renamed to the OSF* subset name prefix and can now be installed during a custom installation of Digital UNIX. These changes have been made on the Digital UNIX Operating System Volume 1 CD-ROM. The FUSE Porting Assistant has been added to the Digital UNIX kit on the Digital UNIX Associated Products Volume 1 CD-ROM. This is a tool to help port code to Digital UNIX from a variety of platforms and operating systems.
The OSFSDECDE subset was also added to the Digital UNIX Operating System Volume 1 CD-ROM. It contains the files necessary to access DECladebug and the Porting Assistant from CDE.
The execution order for init routines in static executable files has been modified to more closely match the execution order for init routines in dynamic executable files. The init routines loaded from an archive library will be executed prior to any init routines loaded from objects and archives occurring earlier on the linker command line. Prior to this change, init routines were executed in the order they were encountered in processing the link command from left to right. As a result, init order for static executable files was much different than the init order for equivalent shared executable files.
For existing applications that rely on the static init order used in prior releases of Digital UNIX, the new linker option: -old_init_order can be used to restore the strict left-to-right execution order for static executable files.
The prof command's pc-sampling mode now supports profiling the shared libraries used by a program. Linking a call-shared program with the cc command's -p switch causes the resulting program to profile both the call-shared executable file and all the shared libraries. The following command displays a combined profile:
#
prof -all
New -all, -incobj, -excobj, and -stride switches for the PROFFLAGS environment variable enable you to request per-procedure profiling of the shared libraries or to select particular libraries to profile.
Related enhancements are:
See the prof(1) and monitor(3) reference pages for further information.
The following atom and prof commands now profile the shared libraries used by a program:
#
atom -tool pixie -all
and
#
prof -pixie -all
Also, the threads environment for atom makes the pixie tool thread-safe, though per-thread counts are not recorded.
See the atom (1), prof (1), and pixie (5) reference pages for further information.
Digital UNIX Version 4.0B introduces the Thread Independent Services (TIS) application programming interface in the C run-time library libc. TIS provides services that assist in the development of thread-safe libraries.
Thread synchronization may involve significant run-time cost, which is undesirable in the absence of threads. TIS enables thread-safe libraries to be built that are both efficient in the non threaded environment, yet provide the necessary synchronization in the threaded environment.
When DECthreads (pthreads) are not active within the process, TIS executes only the minimum steps necessary. Code running in a non threaded environment does not encounter overhead incurred by the run-time synchronization that is necessary when the same code is run in a threaded environment. When DECthreads are active, the TIS functions provide the necessary thread-safe synchronization.
Digital UNIX Version 4.0B has an optional high-resolution clock. To enable this option, add the following line to the kernel configuration file and rebuild the kernel:
options MICRO_TIME
The system clock ( CLOCK_REALTIME) resolution as returned by clock_getres will not change. Timer resolution remains the same. However, time as returned by the clock_gettime routine will now be extrapolated between the clock ticks. The granularity of the time returned will now be in microseconds. The time values returned are SMP safe, monotonically increasing, and have 1 microsecond as the apparent resolution.
Realtime signals have been implemented to conform to the POSIX 1003.1b standard. This new feature includes queued signals with optional data delivery, and 16 user-definable realtime signals.
The following functions to support realtime signals were implemented:
Synchronized I/O (file synchronization) has been implemented to conform to the POSIX 1003.1b standard. New functions for synchronized I/O under the UFS and ADVFS file systems include:
Asynchronously writes changes in a file to permanent storage
Writes data changes in a file to permanent storage
The open function now takes the following new flags for synchronized I/O:
Ensures synchronized I/O data integrity of the file accessed
Used for synchronized I/O read operations
For applications conforming to POSIX 1003.1b, the _POSIX_4SOURCE macro is supported for this release, but will be retired with the next release of Digital UNIX. The macro _POSIX_4SOURCE is part of an obsolete draft standard and is supported in this release for compatibility only. When possible, existing applications which use _POSIX_4SOURCE should be modified to use _POSIX_C_SOURCE instead.
The _POSIX_C_SOURCE macro is associated with a value, which allows an application to specify the namespace it requires. However, as a general rule, avoid explicitly defining standards macros when compiling your applications. For most applications, the header file unistd.h provides the standards definitions needed.
The Digital Porting Assistant is a Motif-based tool to help you port your C, C++, and FORTRAN source code to Digital UNIX from other UNIX and proprietary platforms, including OpenVMS. The Porting Assistant provides the following features:
The Porting Assistant is licensed and provided to you with Digital UNIX Developers' Toolkit but requires separate installation.
To install Version 2.0 of the Porting Assistant, install subsets PRTBASE200 and PRTMAN200 (and their dependencies) from the Digital UNIX Associated Products Volume 1 CD-ROM..
The following networking enhancements have been implemented.
This release includes a new version of the gated routing daemon. The update installation procedure will detect if your system is configured to run the gated routing daemon. If the Digital-supplied gated is detected then the /etc/gated.conf file is moved to /etc/ogated.conf. Otherwise, if a user supplied or customized gated is detected, then both the /etc/gated.conf and the /usr/sbin/gated are saved with the .PreUPD suffix.
When the system is installed, the new gated R3.5 is the default version in /usr/sbin/gated. The old gated version 1.9 is supplied in /usr/sbin/ogated. Also, corresponding older gated reference pages are saved with an o prefix.
This release contains both a client and a server Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) daemon. For DHCP client configuration, use the netconfig utility. For configuration of client parameters on the DHCP server, use the /usr/bin/X11/xjoin utility, which provides a graphical user interface to the /etc/bootptab file.
For more information on DHCP, refer to the joinc(8) and joind(8) reference pages.
This release supports Point-to-Point Protocol PPP, including support for BSD-style compression of entire packets. This is a negotiated option. If a foreign peer cannot handle this, it should be gracefully rejected via the Protocol-Reject of LCP.
When using PPP with modems doing compression, it may be desirable to force no BSD-style compression. To do this, put -bsdcomp in either /etc/ppp/options, or on the pppd command line.
PPP now has a configurable (at boot time) number of interfaces. The default is 1. To specify a higher value, add the following line to the /etc/sysconfigtab file and reboot the system:
ppp:
nppp=x
PPP documentation is available in the pppd(8), pppstats(8), and chat(8), reference pages and in the Network Administration Guide.
A new SNMP architecture is present in this release. The SNMP daemon, snmpd, is now an extensible master agent. End user programmers can develop subagent programs that communicate with snmpd to implement their MIBs on Digital UNIX systems.
The base operating system MIB support is implemented in a subagent program called os_mibs, which is started/stopped automatically with snmpd.
This release supports the Host Resources MIB (RFC 1514). The MIB support daemon must query the system's devices to retrieve information required for this MIB. This query occurs when the daemon starts, and subsequently whenever a relevant SNMP request arrives.
This device querying is the default behavior, and may be configured off. See the snmpd(8) reference page for more information about configuring the SNMP agent.
This release provides the following new enhanced security features.
See the Security manual and the setrlimit(2), edauth(8), and convuser(8) reference pages.
The following file system enhancements have been implemented in this release.
The following new features were introduced for AdvFS.
There is a new mechanism for limiting the amount of kernel memory that AdvFS uses for its access structures. This may be necessary only for systems with 64 Mb or less memory, and AdvFS as the default file systems. This is applicable to all hardware configurations.
There are two new kernel parameters relevant to AdvFS that can be modified using the sysconfig or sysconfigdb commands. They are AdvfsAccessMaxPercent and AdvfsAccessCleanupPercent. There is a complete description of these parameters in the Guide to File System Administration for the POLYCENTER Advanced File System and Utilities for Digital UNIX.
Traditionally, AdvFS directories were never truncated, even though many of the files in the directory had been deleted. This created a problem if the directory file became very big. For example, if several hundred thousand files were added to a directory, then the directory file itself grew very large. Even though most of the files in that directory were subsequently deleted, operations that required scanning the directory remained inefficient because the entire directory file still needed to be read.
AdvFS now truncates directory files when all of the entries at the end of the directory have been deleted. This truncation is done on 8KB byte boundaries, so the size of a directory is always a multiple of 8192.
One ambiguity of directory truncation is that the truncation is done when files are created and not when they are deleted. This is done because of the efficiency of underlying algorithms, and is the same model used by UFS for directory truncation. For example, after most files in a given directory are deleted, the size of the directory file itself will not decrease until a new file is inserted into that directory.
ACLs (Access Control Lists) on files and directories are a new feature in this release. They are manipulated with the getacl and setacl commands. See the Security manual and the reference pages for more information.
Digital UNIX Version 4.0B provides the following new features for the Logical Storage Manager (LSM):
The functionality and syntax of the LSM commands used for encapsulation, unencapsulation, and mirroring have changed in this release, as follows:
For details, refer to the volunroot(8) reference page.
Two new functions, check_usage and set_usage3 are available for use by applications. These functions check whether a disk partition is marked for use and set the fstype of the partition in the disk label. See the reference pages for these functions for more information.
The following new features have been implemented to support internationalization.
The I18N Configuration Tool, available through the CDE Application Manager, is one of the SysMan system administration configuration tools. The I18N Configuration Tool provides a graphical interface that enables you to configure internationalization-specific settings. It also provides a convenient way to see which countries, locales, fonts, and keymaps are currently supported on your system. Use this tool to remove unused fonts and unrequired country support.
This release provides a new set of locales and codeset converters that support the Unicode and ISO 10646 standards. The codeset converter modules enable an application to convert between other supported codesets and UCS-4.
Digital UNIX also provides a function called fold_string_w() that maps one Unicode string to another, performing the specified Unicode character transformations. For more information on the fold_string_w() function, see the fold_string_w(3) reference page.
For more information on the Unicode support, see the Unicode(5) reference page.
Worldwide support subsets no longer install internationalized Mail Handler (MH) software in the /usr/I18N/bin/mh directory. In Digital UNIX Version 4.0, internationalization features have been merged into the default Mail Handler (MH) whose files are located in /usr/bin/mh. Check the value for the mhpath resource used to find the DECwindows Mail application. If necessary, change this value to be /usr/bin/mh.
The mule editor is a multilingual version of GNU Emacs and supports the following kinds of characters:
The IOSWWMULE400 subset installs Version 2.3 of the GNU mule editor and associated software. Corresponding sources are available in the IOSWWMULESRC400 subset.
Digital UNIX does not include public domain fonts that you can use with mule. Refer to the mule-2.3/README.Mule file installed by the IOSWWMULESRC400 subset to find out how you can obtain public domain fonts.
The Digital UNIX software is enhanced with lisp libraries that support the dechanzi codeset for Simplified Chinese and the dechanyu codeset and tsangchi input method for Traditional Chinese. These libraries are included in the IOSWWMULE400 subset and installed in the /usr/i18n/mule/lib/mule/site-lisp directory.
For more information about mule, see the mule(1) reference page.
Digital UNIX Version 4.0 includes support for the Catalan(5), Lithuanian(5), and Slovene(5) reference pages for information about associated codesets, locales, keyboards, and fonts.
The man command can automatically invoke the iconv utility to perform codeset conversion of reference page files. This allows you to install one set of reference pages to support locales that have the same language and territory but different codesets, thereby reducing file redundancy on the system. For more information, refer to the man(1) reference page.
Dynamic Device Recognition (DDR) is a framework for describing the operating parameters and characteristics of SCSI devices to the SCSI CAM I/O subsystem. You can use DDR to include new and changed SCSI devices into your environment without having to reboot the operating system. You do not disrupt user services and processes, as happens with static methods of device recognition.
Beginning with Digital UNIX Version 4.0, DDR is preferred over the current, static method for recognizing SCSI devices. The current, static method, as described in System Administration, is to edit SCSI device customizations into the /sys/data/cam_data.c data file, reconfigure the kernel, and shut down and reboot the operating system.
Note
Support for the static method of recognizing SCSI devices will be retired in a future release of Digital UNIX .
Digital UNIX Version 4.0 supports both methods of recognizing SCSI devices. Both methods can be employed on the same system, with the restriction that the devices described by each method are exclusive to that method (nothing is doubly-defined).
The information DDR provides about SCSI devices is needed by SCSI drivers. You can supply this information using DDR when you add new SCSI devices to the system, or you can use the /sys/data/cam_data.c data file and static configuration methods. The information provided by DDR and the cam_data.c file have the same objectives. When compared to the static method of providing SCSI device information, DDR minimizes the amount of information that is supplied by the device driver or subsystem to the operating system and maximizes the amount of information that is supplied by the device itself or by defaults specified in the DDR databases.
You can also use DDR capabilities to convert customizations in the cam_data.c file to information in the DDR /etc/ddr.dbase text database.
For more information about DDR, see System Administration, ddr_config(8), and ddr.dbase(4).