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sendto(2)
NAME
sendto - Sends messages through a socket
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/socket.h>
ssize_t sendto (
int socket,
const void *message,
size_t length,
int flags,
const struct sockaddr *dest_addr,
size_t dest_len);
[POSIX] The definition of the sendto() function in POSIX.1g Draft 6.6
uses a socklen_t data type for the dest_len parameter instead of a size_t
data type as specified in XNS4.0 (the previous definition).
[Tru64 UNIX] The following definition of the sendto() function does not
conform to current standards and is supported only for backward
compatibility (see standards(5)):
#include <sys/socket.h>
int sendto (
int socket,
char *message_addr,
int length,
int flags,
struct sockaddr *dest_addr,
int dest_len );
STANDARDS
Interfaces documented on this reference page conform to industry standards
as follows:
sendto(): XNS4.0
The sendto function also supports POSIX.1g Draft 6.6.
Refer to the standards(5) reference page for more information about
industry standards and associated tags.
PARAMETERS
socket Specifies the file descriptor for the socket.
message Points to the address containing the message to be sent.
length Specifies the size of the message in bytes.
flags Allows the sender to control the message transmission. The flags
value to send a call is formed by logically ORing the following
values, defined in the sys/socket.h file:
MSG_OOB Processes out-of-band data on sockets that support
out-of-band data.
MSG_DONTROUTE
Sends without using routing tables. (Not recommended,
for debugging purposes only.)
dest_addr Points to a sockaddr structure, the format of which is determined
by the domain and by the behavior requested for the socket. The
sockaddr structure is an overlay for a sockaddr_in or sockaddr_un
structure, depending on which of the supported address families
is active.
[Tru64 UNIX] If the compile-time option _SOCKADDR_LEN is
defined before the sys/socket.h header file is included, the
sockaddr structure takes 4.4BSD behavior, with a field for
specifying the length of the socket address. Otherwise, the
default 4.3BSD sockaddr structure is used, with the length of the
socket address assumed to be 14 bytes or less.
If _SOCKADDR_LEN is defined, the 4.3BSD sockaddr structure is
defined with the name osockaddr.
dest_len Specifies the length of the sockaddr structure pointed to by the
dest_addr parameter.
DESCRIPTION
The sendto() function allows an application program to send messages
through an unconnected socket by specifying a destination address.
To broadcast on a socket, issue a setsockopt() function using the
SO_BROADCAST option to gain broadcast permissions.
Use the dest_addr parameter to provide the address of the target. Specify
the length of the message with the length parameter.
If the sending socket has no space to hold the message to be transmitted,
the sendto() function blocks unless the socket is in a nonblocking I/O
mode.
Use the select() function to determine when it is possible to send more
data.
RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion, the sendto() function returns the number of
characters sent. Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned, and errno is set to
indicate the error.
ERRORS
If the sendto() function fails, errno may be set to one of the following
values:
[EACCESS] For an AF_UNIX socket, search permission is denied for a
component of the path prefix; or write access to the named socket
is denied.
[EAFNOSUPPORT]
Addresses in the specified address family cannot be used with
this socket.
[EBADF] The socket parameter is not valid.
[ECONNRESET]
A connection was forcibly closed by a peer.
[EDESTADDRREQ]
You did not specify a destination address for the connectionless
socket that also did not have its peer address set.
[EFAULT] [Tru64 UNIX] The dest_addr parameter is not in a writable part
of the user address space.
[EHOSTUNREACH]
The destination host is not reachable.
[EINTR] A signal interrupted sendto before any data was transmitted.
[EINVAL] The dest_len parameter is not a valid size for the specified
address family.
[EIO] For an AF_UNIX socket, an I/O error occurred while reading from
or writing to the file system.
[EISCONN] The connection-oriented socket for which a destination address
was specified is already connected.
[ELOOP] For an AF_UNIX socket, too many symbolic links were encountered
in translating the pathname in the socket address.
[EMSGSIZE]
The message is too large to be sent all at once, as the socket
requires.
[ENAMETOOLONG]
For an AF_UNIX socket, a component of the pathname exceeded
NAME_MAX characters, or an entire pathname exceeded PATH_MAX
characters.
[ENETDOWN]
The local network connection is not operational.
[ENETUNREACH]
The destination network is unreachable.
[ENOBUFS] Insufficient resources are available in the system to complete
the call.
[Tru64 UNIX] The interface driver's send queue is full. If the
problem persists, you might increase the value for the ifqmaxlen
system attribute in the net subsystem. See sys_attrs_net(5) for
more information.
[ENOENT] For an AF_UNIX socket, a component of the pathname does not name
an existing file or the pathname is an empty string.
[ENOMEM] The system did not have sufficient memory to fulfill the request.
[ENOSR] The available STREAMS resources were insufficient for the
operation to complete.
[ENOTCONN]
The socket is connection-oriented but is not connected.
[ENOTDIR] For an AF_UNIX socket, a component of the path prefix of the
pathname in address is not a directory.
[ENOTSOCK]
The socket parameter refers to a file, not a socket.
[EOPNOTSUPP]
The socket argument is associated with a socket that does not
support one or more of the values set in flags.
[EPIPE] The socket is shut down for writing, or the socket is
connection-oriented and the peer is closed or shut down for
reading. In the latter case, and if the socket is of type
SOCK_STREAM, the SIGPIPE signal is generated to the calling
process.
[EWOULDBLOCK]
The socket is marked nonblocking, and no space is available for
the sendto() function.
RELATED INFORMATION
Functions: getsockopt(2), recv(2), recvfrom(2), recvmsg(2), select(2),
send(2), sendmsg(2), setsockopt(2), shutdown(2), socket(2).
Standards: standards(5).
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