 |
Index for
Section 8 |
|
 |
Alphabetical
listing for R |
|
 |
Bottom of
page |
|
restore(8)
NAME
restore, rrestore - Restores files from tapes written with the dump or
rdump command, respectively
SYNOPSIS
/usr/sbin/restore -[function_flag][modifier_flag ...] [argument ...]
/usr/sbin/rrestore -f dump_file -[function_flag][modifier_flag ...]
[argument ...]
The restore and rrestore commands are used to read files and any associated
extended attributes from a local or remote tape, respectively, to local
file systems.
FLAGS
Function Flags
-i This flag permits interactive restoration of files read from the
tape. After reading directory information from the tape device,
the restore or rrestore commands provide a shell-like interface
that allows you to select the files you want to read. Some of
the interactive commands require as an arg parameter a
subdirectory or filename. When the arg parameter is unspecified,
the default directory is the current one. The interactive
commands are explained in the following list:
ls [arg] Lists files in the current directory or the directory
specified with the arg parameter. Directory entries
are appended with a / (slash) character. Entries that
have been marked for reading are prepended with a *
(asterisk) character. When the -v modifier flag is
used, the inode number of each entry is also listed.
cd [arg] Changes the current directory to the directory
specified with the arg parameter.
pwd Prints the pathname of the current directory to the
standard output device.
add [arg] Adds the files in the current directory or the files
specified by arg to the list of files to be read from
the tape (except when the -h flag is used). Files on
the list of files to be read are prepended with the *
(asterisk) character when they are listed with the ls
interactive command.
delete [arg]
Deletes all the files in the current directory or the
files specified by the arg parameter from the list of
files to be read from the tape. Except when the -h
flag is specified, all files and all files in
subdirectories of a directory specified with the arg
parameter are deleted.
An expedient way to select wanted files from any
directory whose files are stored on the tape is to add
the directory to the list of files to be read and then
delete the ones that are not wanted.
extract Reads all files on the list of files to be read from
the tape. The restore or rrestore command asks which
volume you want to mount and whether the access modes
of . (dot) are affected.
A fast way to read a few files from the tape device is
to start with the last volume and work toward the first
volume.
setmodes Sets owner, access modes, and file creation times for
all directories that have been added to the files-to-
read list; nothing is read from the tape. This
interactive command is useful for cleaning up files
after a restore or rrestore command has been
prematurely aborted.
verbose Toggles the -v modifier (see the -v flag below). When
set, the verbose flag causes the ls command to list the
inode numbers of all files in the list of files to
read. This interactive command also causes the restore
or rrestore command to output information about each
file to the output device when the file is read.
help
? Lists a summary of the available interactive commands.
what Outputs the tape header information to the standard
output device.
quit Exits immediately, even when the all the files on list
of files to read have not been read.
debug Toggles the debugging mode.
xit Same as quit command.
-r The tape is read and all files are loaded into the current
working directory. The -r function flag should only be used to
restore a complete dump into an empty file system, or to restore
a previous incremental dump or rdump to the file system after a
full level 0 (zero) restoration of files. For example:
/sbin/newfs /dev/rrz0g eagle
/sbin/mount /dev/rz0g /mnt
cd mnt
restore -r
These four line entries are a typical sequence of commands to
restore a complete set of files from tape to the disk whose
device name is /dev/rrz0g and whose parameters are described in
the /etc/disktab file under the name eagle. The file system name
is /dev/rz0g and the directory where the file system is mounted
and to which the files are written from the default tape device
is called /mnt.
Other restore or rrestore operations may be called to restore
additional files from a previous incremental dump or rdump to the
tape device. Note that the restore or rrestore process writes a
file named restoresymtab to the current directory. The
restoresymtab file is used by these processes to provide
information for incremental file restorations only; this scratch
file has no other use and so should be removed when files from
the last incremental storage medium has been restored.
-R The restore or rrestore command requests a particular tape of a
multivolume set on which to restart a full restore (see the -r
flag). This allows restore or rrestore to be interrupted and
then restarted.
-t name ...
The files specified by the name parameter are listed when they
are stored on the tape. When a name parameter is not specified,
all files in the root directory stored on the tape are listed,
except when the -h flag is specified.
-x name ...
The files specified by the name parameter are read from the tape
device. When the name parameter matches a directory whose
contents are stored on the tape, and the -h flag is not
specified, the directory is recursively searched until all files
have been read. The file owner, time of modification, and access
mode are restored when possible. When no file is specified with
the name parameter, the root directory is read from the tape
device. Reading of the root directory results in storage of the
entire file content from the tape, except when the -h flag has
been specified.
Modifier Flags
-b block_size
The argument that follows this modifier flag is used as the block
size of the tape (in kilobytes). When this modifier flag is not
specified, restore or rrestore determines tape block size
dynamically as long as the maximum number of tape blocks to be
read (blocking factor) is less than 128k. Otherwise, include
this flag with the appropriate blocking factor.
-c Reads an old style dump tape (pre-4.2BSD file system).
-d Debug mode. restore or rrestore performs many internal checks
about the consistency of internal structures and prints debugging
information to the standard output.
-f dump_file
When an argument follows the -f modifier flag, it is used as the
name of the archive device, replacing the default tape device
/dev/rmt0h. When the argument is the character - (dash), restore
or rrestore reads from standard input. Thus, dump and restore or
rdump and rrestore may be used in a pipeline expression to copy
file systems with the following typical command:
dump -0f - /usr | (cd /mnt; restore -xf -)
-F command_file
The argument that follows the -F modifier flag is used as the
name of the file from which interactive input is read. As
described in the foregoing list of Function Flags for the -i
function flag, normally standard input is read. The -F modifier
flag allows the interactive mode of the restore or rrestore
command to be obtained from a previously written command file
(similar to a shell script).
In the application described here, the following are affected:
1.
The interactive interface
2.
A prompt for the next volume number
3.
A prompt to set the access mode for . (dot)
Error recovery interaction and the verification of operator
readiness are not affected. For example, if the file named
inputfile contains the following interactive command lines (the
commands are taken from the Function Flags list):
add
delete foo
add foo/bar
extract
1
yes
quit
issuing the command:
restore -iF inputfile
uses the interactive mode to automatically mark everything for
reading (add), to unmark the subdirectory (delete foo), to mark
the file foo/bar (add foo/bar), to read the marked files
(extract), to specify volume 1 (1) of the default tape, to set
the access mode for dot, . (yes), and then quit (quit).
-h Use this modifier to restore files to a specific directory level.
The specific directory level is the file name defined by the -x
switch or the -t switch (when using command mode) or a file name
in the argument list of the add or the delete command (when using
interactive mode). Files in the named directory that are
directories are not restored. Thus, you can use this modifier to
prevent hierarchical restoration of complete subtrees.
-m When this modifier is specified, restore or rrestore reads
according to inode numbers rather than filename. This read
operation is useful when only a few files are restored and you
want to avoid rewriting the complete pathname to each file.
-N Tells restore not to write to disk. This flag does not permit
the process to act on files in the current directory.
-s The argument that follows this modifier flag is used as the
number (1 is the origin) of the file to restore. This flag is
used to write more than one dump file from the tape.
-v Normally the restore or rrestore commands do not notify you about
their progress in reading from the storage device. When this
modifier flag is used, the name of each file read from the tape
is written to the standard output device.
-y When this modifier is specified, restore or rrestore does not
query whether a tape error should cause the read operation to
abort, but instead the process attempts to skip over the bad
block(s) and continue the read operation.
-Y Overwrites the existing files and links without any query.
-Z When this flag is used, the restore or rrestore does not
overwrite existing files.
DESCRIPTION
The restore and rrestore commands are used to read a tape or file, and any
associated extended attributes, previously written with the dump or rdump
command. The restore and rrestore processes are controlled with a number
of flags which you can specify whenever files are restored from tape media.
restore
The flags bcdfhimrstvxyFNRYZ consist of function flags and modifier flags,
which may be used in any logical combination, but with a preceding - (dash)
character. Each group of flags contains at most one function flags and
possibly one or more modifier flags. Function flags are irtx and R; all
other flags are modifier flags. Other arguments specified with these
commands are the file or subdirectory name that specifies files to be
restored. The function and modifier flags are described under FLAGS.
Unless the -h modifier flag is specified (see the -h flag), inclusion of a
directory name refers to all files and recursively, all files in all
subdirectories of that directory.
rrestore
The rrestore command reads files from a remote magnetic tape or other
specified storage device. The files were previously saved to tape with a
dump or rdump command. The rrestore command is identical in operation to
restore, except the -f function flag must be specified, and the dump_file
parameter must have the form:
machine:device
The rrestore command starts remote server /usr/sbin/rmt on the client
machine to access the storage medium.
NOTES
Do not use the restore or rrestore commands to extract an archive on an
AdvFS filesystem.
The restore or rrestore process may become confused when doing incremental
reads from tapes that were previously written from an active file system.
A level 0 (zero) tape dump or rdump must be done after a full restore.
Because restore or rrestore runs without kernel privileges, it has no
control over inode allocation; thus, a full restore must be done to get a
new set of directories that reflect new inode numbering, even when the
content of files are unchanged.
When the -Y flag is specified, all files, including hard and symbolic
links, are overwritten. When the -Y flag is not specified, hard and
symbolic links are not overwritten, as in previous releases.
DIAGNOSTICS
Detects bad flag characters.
Detects read errors. When the -y modifier flag has been specified, or you
respond with y, the process attempts to continue the restore operation.
When a previous dump or rdump writes over more than one storage device,
restore or rrestore asks you to change a filled volume.
When the -x or -i function flag has been specified, restore or rrestore
also asks what volume you wish to mount. Note, the restore -x command is
silent if a pipe or a regular file is involved.
A fast way to read a few files is to first mount the last volume, and then
mount other previous volumes working toward the first volume.
There are numerous consistency checks that can be listed by restore. Most
checks are self-explanatory.
Common Errors
Common errors are listed as follows:
Converting to new filesystem format.
A tape previously written from an old file system has been
loaded. On reading, the old file system was automatically
converted to a new filesystem format.
filename: not found on tape
One or more filenames specified by the filename parameter was
listed in the tape directory, but was not found on the tape.
This is caused by storage device read errors when searching for a
named file, or when a previously written tape was created on an
active file system.
expected next file inumber, got inumber
A file that was not listed in the directory was detected. This
can occur when using a tape previously created on an active file
system.
Incremental tape too low
When doing incremental restore, a tape that was written before
the previous incremental tape, or one that has too low an
incremental level has been loaded.
Incremental tape too high
When doing incremental restore or rrestore, a storage process
does not begin its coverage where the previous incremental tape
left off, or one that has too high an incremental level has been
loaded.
Tape read error while restoring < filename >.
Tape read error while skipping over inode < inumber >
Tape read error while trying to resynchronize
A tape read error has occurred. When a filename is specified,
its contents are probably partially wrong. When an inode is
being skipped, or the tape is trying to resynchronize, no files
read from tape have been corrupted although some files may not be
found on the tape.
resync restore, skipped < num > blocks
After a tape read error, restore or rrestore may have to
resynchronize itself. This message lists the number of blocks
that were skipped.
FILES
/usr/sbin/restore
Specifies the command path
/usr/sbin/rrestore
Specifies the command path
/dev/rmt0h
The default storage device.
./rstdir*
A file that lists directories stored on the default tape.
./rstmode*
Owner, permission mode, and timestamps for stored directories.
./restoresymtab
Holds information required during incremental restore or rrestore
operations.
RELATED INFORMATION
Commands: dump(8), rdump(8), mount(8), umount(8), newfs(8)
|
Index for
Section 8 |
|
|
Alphabetical
listing for R |
|
 |
Top of
page |
|