 |
Index for
Section 8 |
|
 |
Alphabetical
listing for S |
|
 |
Bottom of
page |
|
sa(8)
NAME
sa - Summarizes accounting records
SYNOPSIS
sa [-abcdDfijkKlmnorstu] [-v Number] [-S SaveFile] [-U UserFile] [File] The
sa command helps you manage the large volume of accounting information that
is generated each day when system accounting has been enabled by the system
administrator or by the superuser.
FLAGS
-a Outputs all command names (including those containing unprintable
characters and commands used only once) in the last column. In
the default format, such commands are summed and the total is
written as the entry ***other.
-b Sorts cpu output column 3 according to the sum of user and system
CPU time divided by the amount of CPU time required to execute
the command entered in the last column (6) as many times as is
entered in the first column (1).
-c Adds three percentage columns to the default format to list
percentages as follows:
1.
Lists the percentage of the number of times each command was
executed with respect to the total number of times all commands
were executed (see 1a below).
2.
Lists the percentage of the amount of real time required to
execute each command the number of times entered in the first
column with respect to the total real time required to execute
the total of all commands entered in the last column (see 2a
below).
3.
Lists the percentage of the amount of command CPU time required
to execute each command the number of times entered in the
first column with respect to the total CPU time required to
execute the total of all commands entered in the last column
(see 3a below).
-d Sorts avio output column (4) in descending order according to the
average number of disk I/O operations.
-D Substitutes tio column (4a) for the avio (4) column and sorts tio
output column 4a in descending order according to the total
number of disk I/O operations.
-f Used with the -v flag to inhibit interactive threshold comparison
of commands.
-i Reads raw database file /var/adm/pacct only. Does not include
records from summary database file /var/adm/savacct.
-j Outputs the average number of seconds per command in default
columns 2, 3, and 4 instead of the total time in minutes for the
number of calls entered in column 1 for each command.
-k Sorts and outputs records according to the value in the k output
column 5 in descending order.
-K Substitutes k*sec column (5a) for the k (5) column and sorts the
k*sec output column in descending order according to the value of
the memory time integral.
-l Separates cpu column 3 into two columns. The new column entries
are column 3a, which lists the s (system) part of the CPU
minutes, and column 3b, which lists the u (user) part of the CPU
minutes.
-m Outputs a 5-column file, which provides the information in the
following table. Listed below in left-to-right order are the
column identification suffixes, or none when no suffix is used,
and the purpose of the column. Some columns are identical to the
default output format described in the table in the DESCRIPTION
section; these are marked with *.
none Username or user ID as written in the /etc/passwd file.
none The total number of processes executed by the user
during the accounting period.
cpu * Same as column 3 in the default output file.
tio * Same as column 4a in the default output file.
k*sec * Same as column 5a in the default output file.
-n Outputs the default format sorted in descending order according
to the number of times each command was called.
-o Substitutes, in the default output format, the ratio of user CPU
time (u) to system CPU time (s) as u/s in column 3 in place of
the total user and system CPU time (cpu) for the number of calls
entered in the first column.
-r The default format, described under Description, is resorted in
ascending order according to the values entered in column 3, cpu
time. This sort is the reverse of the default sort.
-s Merges information in accounting database file /var/adm/pacct
with summary files you specify with the -U and -S flags, or
merges the database file information with information in default
files /var/adm/usracct or /var/adm/savacct. After the merge,
database file /var/adm/pacct is truncated. The use of this flag
also implies the use of the -a flag.
-S SaveFile
Uses SaveFile as the command summary file in place of file
/var/adm/savacct.
-t Adds the re/cp column (3d) to the default format. Entries in this
column express the ratio of real time to total (cpu) time, which
is the sum of user and system time for each command entered in
the last column.
-u Suspends all other flags and prints the user numeric ID, the CPU
time, memory usage, number of I/O operations, and the command
name for each command.
-U UserFile
Uses UserFile as the user summary file in place of file
/var/adm/usracct to record per-user statistics output with the -m
flag.
-v Number Prints, as a query, the name of each command used Number times or
fewer to the standard output as follows:
command--
where command-- is the name of the command written to the
standard output by sa.
When you respond by typing y to the standard input, the command
record is omitted from a default-formatted list at the end of the
interactive command queries written to the standard output. The
columnar values of the omitted record are totaled in an added
record whose command name is **junk** in the last column of that
list. When you type any other character, the record for the
queried command name remains in the default output list at the
end of the interactive commands written to the standard input.
DESCRIPTION
When you use the -s flag with the sa command, the information in
/var/adm/pacct is condensed into summary file /var/adm/savacct, which
contains a count of the number of times each command was called and the
amount of time system resources were used.
Condensed information for each user is stored in /var/adm/usracct. This
condensed-information file conserves storage space because on a large
system the /var/adm/pacct daily process file can grow by as many as 100
blocks per day. Summary files are normally read before accounting files
are, so that files produced by sa include all available information.
When a filename is given as the last argument, the named file is treated as
the process accounting file. The /var/adm/pacct file is the default process
accounting file.
When the sa command is invoked with no flags, the default output summary is
an unheaded 6-column file consisting of, in some cases, information having
an identification suffix in the column. The identification suffix may be
changed from the default (no flags specified) output format by using
various flags.
The following table lists the columns with left-to-right reference column
numbers (not included in output) for the default format on the left, the
identification suffix for the entry when one is used (or none when one is
not in the middle), and the purpose of the information in that column on
the right.
Columns having more than one identification suffix description (2 and 2a,
for example) use the alternate suffix designation in the same sa output
printout column for each of the listed alternate entries for the column.
For example, the second column has two possible suffix designations: re and
%. The re reference in the middle column describes the information in the
second column of the output printed by the sa command when this suffix is
used. Correspondingly, the % reference describes the information in the sa
output when the % suffix is used.
1 none
The number of times the command entered in the last column
(6) was called.
1a %
When the -c flag is used, sa adds this column after column 1
to list the number of times the command was called (entered
in column 1) as a percentage of the total number of times all
commands entered in the last column were called.
2 re
The number of real-time (elapsed) minutes required to execute
the command entered in the last column (6) as many times as
is entered in the first column (1).
2a %
When the -c flag is used, sa also adds this column after
column 2 to list the amount of real time (entered in column
2) required to process the command entered in the last column
(6) as many time as is entered in the first column (1), as a
percentage of the total amount of real time required to
process all of the commands listed in the last column.
3 cpu
The number of CPU (user plus system) minutes used to execute
the command entered in the last column (6) as many times as
is entered in the first column (1).
3a u The number of user CPU minutes used.
3b s The number of system CPU minutes used.
3c u/s
When the -o flag is used, substitutes u/s column (3c) for the
cpu (3) column and sorts the u/s output column in descending
order according to the ratio of user CPU time to system CPU
time.
3d %
When the -c flag is used, sa also adds this column after
column 3 to list the amount of CPU time (entered in column 3)
required to process the command, entered in the last column,
the number of times, entered in the first column, as a
percentage of the total CPU time required to process all of
the commands listed in the last column.
3e re/cpu
When the -t flag is used, adds the re/cpu column to the
default output format. Entries in this column express the
ratio of real CPU process time to total CPU time (cpu), which
includes user and system time. These entries appear after
entries for the cpu (3) column. The default output sort
remains unchanged.
4 avio
The average number of input/output operations for each listed
command.
4a tio
The total number of input/output operations for each listed
command.
5 k
The average number of kiloblocks (blocks x 1024) of memory
used for each command process.
5a k*sec CPU storage-time integral in K-core seconds (seconds x 1024).
6 none
The command name (a trailing * [asterisk] indicates a forked
program).
Other considerations for entries in the printed sa output are as follows:
· All times are expressed to nearest one hundredth. The default format
is sorted in descending order according to the values entered in
column 3, cpu time.
· You should not share accounting files among nodes in a distributed
environment. Each node should have its own copy of the various
accounting files.
· When you are also using /usr/sbin/acct/* accounting commands, do not
delete accounting records in the /var/adm/pacct process accounting
source file because these records also provide information for summary
data files when the -s option is used.
EXAMPLES
1. To summarize accounting records for all commands entered in the
/var/adm/pacct process database file, enter:
sa -a
Commands used only once are summed with the entry ***other in the
last column of the default output format.
2. To summarize accounting records according to the average number of
kiloblocks of memory used for each command, enter:
sa -k
FILES
/usr/sbin/sa
Specifies the command path
/var/adm/pacct
Process accounting database file.
/var/adm/savacct
System process accounting summary file.
/var/adm/usracct
User process accounting summary file.
RELATED INFORMATION
Commands: acct(8), acctcms(8), acctcom(8), acctcon(8), acctmerg(8),
acctprc(8), fwtmp(8), runacct(8)
|
Index for
Section 8 |
|
|
Alphabetical
listing for S |
|
 |
Top of
page |
|