5   Fonts

5.1  DECwindows Fonts

The Compaq Tru64 UNIX operating system provides Chinese DECwindows fonts in various sizes and typefaces for 75 dpi (dots-per-inch) display devices. Table 5-1 lists the screen fonts for traditional Chinese.

Table 5-1: Traditional Chinese Screen Fonts

There are two sets of DECwindows fonts, one for CNS 11643-1986 and one for DTSCS.

Table 5-2 lists the screen fonts for Simplified Chinese.

Table 5-2: Simplified Chinese Screen Fonts

* The fonts marked with an asterisk are supplied by China Standard Technology Development Corporation (CSTDC) of People's Republic of China.

In addition to these Chinese fonts, several miscellaneous screen fonts are provided for use in Hanyu and Hanzi DECterm, and Motif toolkit.

The mandatory fonts are available after you install the Chinese language support from the worldwide language support software. Other optional fonts are available only if you install the optional Chinese font subsets. If you do not find the optional fonts on your system, please contact your system administrator.

No 100 dpi Chinese fonts are provided in the kit. To allow you to use the Chinese fonts on 100 dpi display devices, a font alias file is provided to map the 75 dpi font names to 100 dpi font names.

5.1.1   XLFD Font Names

You must specify the DECwindows font names in X Logical Font Description (XLFD) format in your application programs or in the application resource files. You can specify wildcards (*) for any fields in the font names.

You can use the following font names for both 75 dpi or 100 dpi display devices. If you want to state the display resolution explicitly, you can specify 75 or 100 in the X- and Y-resolution fields, that is, the second and third asterisks in the following XLFD names.

• Traditional Chinese Screen family font names in XLFD format:

• Traditional Chinese Sung family font names in XLFD format:

• Traditional Chinese Hei family font names in XLFD format:

• Simplified Chinese Screen family font names in XLFD format:

• Simplified Chinese Songti family font names in XLFD format:

• Simplified chinese Heiti family font names in XLFD format:

• Simplified Chinese Fangsongti family font names in XLFD format:

• Simplified Chinese Kaiti family font names in XLFD format:

Table 5-3 shows the font names, in XLFD format, of several miscellaneous Chinese screen fonts.

Table 5-3: XLFD of Miscellaneous Chinese Screen Fonts

5.1.2   Bitmap Font Samples

Figures 5-1 through Figure 5-6 illustrate samples of Chinese fonts.

Figure 5-1: Sung Font Sample

Figure 5-2: Hei Font Sample

Figure 5-3: Songti Font Sample

Figure 5-4: Heiti Font Sample

Figure 5-5: Fangsongti Font Sample

Figure 5-6: Kaiti Font Sample

5.1.3   Font Encodings

The X Consortium registers names for font encodings that are used in XLFDs. However, no names currently are registered for CNS 11643 and DTSCS. Therefore, they are currently supported as Compaq private encodings as shown in Table 5-4.

Table 5-4: Chinese DECwindows Font Encodings

Since the X Window System provides only basic Xlib functions for handling 8-bit and 16-bit characters, the four-byte data representation of DTSCS is trimmed to remove the two leading bytes, C2 CB, to form a two-byte encoding. DECwindows applications should either preprocess the four-byte data and then handle them with the low level Xlib functions or handle Chinese strings with the internationalized text drawing functions provided by X11R6 Xlib or Motif Toolkit.

Figure 5-7 and Figure 5-8 illustrate these two encoding schemes.

Figure 5-7: CNS 11643-1986 Font Encoding Scheme

Figure 5-8: DTSCS Font Encoding Scheme

Vendors may adopt different encoding schemes or even different character sets to produce their fonts. The fonts supplied by Compaq are all in the encoding schemes defined in this section. To allow you to run applications on third-party workstations on which different font encodings are installed, the Compaq Tru64 UNIX implementation of X11R6 Xlib supports the conversion of encodings during text display.

Table 5-5 shows these encoding conversions.

Table 5-5: Font Encoding Conversion

For Simplified Chinese, the X Window System defines two encodings for the GB2312-80 character set, as shown in Table 5-6.

Table 5-6: Chinese DECwindows Font Encodings

Figure 5-9: GB2312-80 Font Encoding Schemes

The Chinese DECwindows fonts supplied by Compaq are all in GR encoding. To allow you to run applications on third-party workstations on which only GL-encoded fonts are installed, the Compaq Tru64 UNIX implementation of X11R6 Xlib supports the conversion of GR encoding to GL encoding for text drawing and measurement, as shown in Table 5-7.

Table 5-7: GR to GL Font Encoding Conversion

For details, see Writing Software for the International Market.

5.1.4  Specifying Fonts in DECwindows Applications

Table 5-8 and Table 5-9 show the default fonts used in the Motif Toolkit.

Table 5-8: Traditional Chinese Default Fonts

Table 5-9: Simplified Chinese Default Fonts

To override the default fonts of a traditional Chinese DECwindows application, you should specify the ISO Latin-1, DTSCS, and CNS11643 (UDC) fonts as well as the Chinese fontset when creating widget instances. For a Simplified Chinese DECwindows application, you should specify the ISO Latin-1, GB2312-80, and extended GB (UDC) fonts as well as the Chinese fontset when creating widget instances. For details, see Writing Software for the International Market.

5.2   Outline Fonts

The Compaq Tru64 UNIX software provides the following traditional and Simplified Chinese outline fonts for printing on PostScript printers and for display through Level II Display PostScript extension.

For traditional Chinese:

• Sung-Light-CNS11643
• Hei-Light-CNS11643

For Simplified Chinese,

• XiSong-GB2312-80
• Hei-GB2312-80

The encoding of this font is the same as that illustrated in Figure 5-7 and Figure 5-9.

These Chinese outline fonts have the following uses:

• Printing on PostScript printers. For details see Chapter 8, Chinese Printing Support.
• Displaying through the R6 X Windows System Type 1 rasterizer. To use these outline fonts, you add the directories to your font path with the following command:

  $I18NPATH/usr/lib/X11/fonts/TChinesePS and $I18NPATH/usr/lib/X11/fonts/SChinesePS

• Displaying through Display PostScript. You can view PostScript files with Chinese characters using the CDA Viewer or through the Display PostScript extension.

5.2.1   XLFD Font Names of Chinese Outline Fonts

To use the Chinese outline fonts through the Type 1 rasterizer, you can specify the font names in XLFD (X Logical Font Description) format in your application programs or in the application resource files, just like ordinary DECwindows bitmap fonts.

To specify the XLFD font name of an outline font, you should replace the fields currently marked with 0 (zero) with the following information:

• Field 1 - The font height in number of dots. An asterisk (*) is usually entered in this field.
• Field 2 - The font height in point size. For example, you can enter 240 to specify a 24 point font.
• Fields 3 and 4 - The X- and Y-resolution. They usually have the value of 75 or 100.
• Field 5 - The average font width in point size. An asterisk (*) is usually entered in this field.

For example, if you want to use a 48 point font of the Sung-Light-CNS11643 family for a 100 dpi display device, you would specify: